Informatics Publishing Limited

Manish Borana ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The results of experiment reveal that pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30 DAS resulted the lowest density of monocot (3.41m^-2), dicot (3.15m^-2) and total weeds (4.59m^-2) 50DAS compared to weedy check (6.80, 6.01 and 9.05am^-2), respectively. Integration of pre-emergence herbicides with hand weeding or their sequential use with post-emergence herbicides was found significantly superior in controlling the weed density 50DAS compared to their corresponding application alone. All the weed control treatments were also found significantly superior in reducing dry matter of monocot; dicot and total weeds compared to weedy check 75DAS. Minimum total weed dry matter 75DAS was observed under weed free (146kg ha^-1) closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS (431.7kg ha^-1) compared to weedy check (1884.5kg ha^-1). Weed control efficiency 75DAS observed maximum under weed free treatment in which crop was kept weed free upto 50 days (92.18%) which is closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS (76.96%) and weed index was also recorded the lowest under pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS (3.17%). Uptake of N and P by weeds at harvest was found significantly lower with all the weed control treatments compared to weedy check. The minimum uptake of N (2.78kg ha^-1) and P (0.40kg ha^-1) was recorded with weed free treatment closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS with the respective uptake values as 8.17 and 1.18kg ha^-1. All the weed control treatments significantly tended to increase plant height, dry matter accumulation, branches plant^-1 and leaf area of soybean over weedy check. Weed free treatment recorded the highest plant dry matter (32.20g plant^-1) at harvest closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS (31.05g plant^-1) and two hand weeding (30.65g plant^-1). Weed free treatment recorded maximum number of branch plant^-1, number of pods plant^-1, pod length and seed index which was closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS and these treatments were found statistically at par to each other in this regard. Weed free upto 50 days treatment resulted in maximum seed yield (1421kg ha^-1) which was statistically at par with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30 DAS (1376kg ha^-1) and two hand weeding 15 and 30DAS (1321kg ha^-1). A like seed yield, haulm yield (3100kg ha^-1), biological yield (4521kg ha^-1) and harvest index (31.43%) were also recorded maximum under weed free treatment which were closely followed by pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 PE + hand weeding 30DAS. The maximum uptake of total nitrogen (143.78kg ha^-1) and phosphorus (15.63kg ha^-1) by the crop was significantly more in weed free check closely followed by pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS and these treatments were found statistically at par to each other in this regard and the minimum being recorded under weedy check with the respective value of 52.32 and 5.64kg ha^-1. Both net return (Rs.29508 ha^-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.38) were also obtained maximum under pre-emergent pendimethalin 0.75kg ha^-1 + hand weeding 30DAS closely followed by two hand weeding 15 and 30DAS with the respective net return and BC ratio of Rs. 27244 and 2.26.

Keywords

CGR, RGR, LAI, NAR, DAS.

Full Text

     

Rajendra Manda ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The experiment consisted of 9 treatments viz., T₀ (DBW-17), T₁ (Raj 3077), T₂ (HD 2967), T₃ (Lok-1), T₄ (Raj 1482), T₅ (Raj 4120), T₆ (K-65) T₇ (HD 2967), T₈(PBW-343) laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The study showed that Lok-1 variety gave highest grain yield (2.76t ha^-1), harvest index (31.15%), highest net income (Rs. 110,000.7 ha^-1) and benefit: cost (3.74) then the rest of the varieties. The plant height was found to be the highest under the treatment T₃ (Lok-1) at 30, 60 and 90DAS the differences were statistically significant. Treatment T₁ (Raj 3077) recorded significantly higher number of effective tillers per meter square than all the other treatments, while the lowest number of effective tillers per meter squarewas recorded for the treatment T₃ (Lok-1). The spike length was recorded to be highest under the treatment T₃ (Lok-1) which was significantly higher than all these other treatments, while the lowest spike length was recorded under the treatment T₅ (Raj 4120). Number of grains spike^-1 was recorded to be highest under the treatment T₆ (K-65), while the lowest grains spike^-1 was recorded under the treatment T₀ (DBW-17). Treatment T₂ (HD2967) recorded significantly higher test weight than all the other treatments, while the lowest test weight was recorded under the treatment T₈ (PBW-343). The highest grain yield was recorded under the treatment T₃ (Lok-1), while the lowest grain yield was recorded in treatment T₀ (DBW-343) and the differences were statistically non-significant.

Keywords

CGR, MOP, RGR, SSR, Harvest Index, NS.

Full Text

     

Mohammad Sabir ¹, Devendra Singh ², Bhanwar Lal Jat ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Genotypic and phenotypic co-efficients of variation were high for average weight of clove, yield per plant, cloves per bulb and plant height. Width of clove, plant height and length of leaves, yield per plant, cloves per bulb, average weight of clove exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean. These characters are governed by additive gene effects. It was also concluded that selection on the basis of these characters will be more useful for the improvement of this crop towards attaining higher yield. Correlation co-efficient studies showed that phenotypic correlation co-efficients are higher than genotypic correlation which indicates the inherent association among the characters dependent of environment influence. Yield per plant had a positive and highly significant correlation with plant height, length of leaves, average weight of clove, equatorial diameter, polar diameter and clove/bulb which implies that these characters were contributing to bulb weight and bulb yield/plant. All the combination of traits should be considered while selecting for high yielding genotypes. Improvement of bulb weight per plant may be achieved by exercising direct selection of plant height, length of leaves, weight of cloves, equatorial diameter of bulb, clove weight, number of cloves per bulb, polar diameter of bulb and clove length as these exhibited significant positive direct effect on bulb weight per plant coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Characters had correlation co-efficient value at par with their direct effect on bulb yield per hectare. In Mahalanobis D² analysis, On the basis of Mahalanobis D² values, all the 27 genotypes were grouped under study were grouped into six clusters. Cluster III (8), cluster V (6) and cluster VI (6) contained maximum number of genotypes and cluster I (4) and cluster II (2) comprising minimum number of genotypes and cluster IV contained single genotype.

Keywords

PCR, SSR, Cluster, EDB, Genotype, Phenotype.

Full Text

     

Rajendra Sharma ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The experiment consisted of 12 treatments combinations comprising 4 nitrogen levels (60, 80, 100 and 120kg ha^-1) and 3 zinc levels (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5kg ha^-1). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with four replications. The experimental soil was clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, medium in available nitrogen (275.0kg ha^-1) and phosphorus (20.21kg ha^-1) and potassium (280.5kg ha^-1) and low in available zinc (0.49ppm). The crop was shown on 9.7.2011 using variety PEHM-2 with recommended seed rate of 25kg ha^-1. The results revealed that application of N upto 100kg ha^-1 recorded significantly higher plant height (50, 75DAS and at harvest), dry matter accumulation and leaf area index at all the growth stages over 60 and 80kg N ha^-1. Likewise, application of N upto 100kg ha^-1 was found significantly superior in increasing RGR and NAR between 25 and 50 days compared to 60kg N ha^-1. Application of 100 and 120kg N ha^-1 statistically at par were found significantly superior in increasing cob plant^-1, grain cob^-1, grain weight cob^-1, 100 grains weight and shelling per cent over 60 and 80kg N ha^-1. Application of 80 and 100kg N ha^-1 significantly increased grain; stover, biological yield and harvest index over 60kg N ha^-1. The per cent increase in grain, stover and biological yields due to 100kg N ha^-1 was 39.03, 23.43 and 28.89, respectively compared to 60kg N ha^-1. A significant increase in N, P and Zn content and their uptake was recorded under the application of 80, 100 and 120kg N ha^-1 compared to 60kg N ha^-1 but 120kg N ha^-1 was found statistically at par with 100kg N ha^-1. Protein content in grain and chlorophyll in leaves increased significantly with successive increase in nitrogen doses upto 100kg ha^-1.

Keywords

RGR, NAR, DAS, LAI, Maize.

Full Text

     

Shiv Raj ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design with twelve treatments and replicated thrice. Results indicate that the seed inoculation with Rhizobium showed some good results increasing numbers of nodules and uptake of nutrients due to inoculation. Significant effects were observed in plants growth attributes due to presence of phosphorus and uptake of phosphorus increased due to presence of sulphur @ 20 kg ha^-1 ultimately resulting in good yield. However, plant heights (66.00cm), Number of branches plant^-1 (4.82), Number of nodules plant^-1 (5.83), Number of grains pod^-1 (12.56), test weight (51.03 g) and grain yield (12.39 q/ha) were found significantly affected by the application of Rhizobium inoculation, application of 45 kg phosphorus through DAP and 20 kg sulphur through Gypsum ha^-1. Cost benefit ratio was also found (2.22) on higher side.

Keywords

Mungbean, RBD, Rhizobium, Sulphur, Plant Parameter.

Full Text

     

Shubham Shukla ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Birbal Bairwa ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Brinjal or eggplant or aubergine, Solanum melongena L. is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in India and other parts of the world. It is highly cosmopolitan and popular vegetable grown as poor man’s crop in India. Brinjal, being a native to India has great variability existing in the country. However, it is highly infested by shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen., an obnoxious pest causing fruit damage upto 92.5 per cent. The pest is very active during the summer and rainy season and often causes more than 90 per cent damage. Pesticide application is not the only solution of managing the pest as repeated use of pesticide leads to health hazards, destruction of beneficial insects, pest resurgence and environmental pollution. Thus, in order to develop varieties resistant to this pest we need to know the biophysical and biochemical traits that often result intolerance mechanism. Thirty six diverse brinjal genotypes were grown in RBD with three replications at the Vegetable Research Farm, BAC, Sabour during spring-summer season of 2015-16 and morphological and biochemical studies were performed to accomplish these objectives. The findings revealed that sufficient genetic variability was present among the genotypes which provide ample scope for selection of promising genotypes under study. Shoot borer infestation was least in pusa purple cluster (3.28%) followed by BRBR-01 while fruit borer infestation percentage by both number and weight was least in BRBL-01. Pusa purple long was the highest yielder (1100.02g/plant) followed by BRBL-01 (1046.38g/plant). The morphological characters such as average fruit weight, fruit/plant, yield/plant, shoot borer infestation and fruit borer infestation percentage by number possessed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. All the biochemical characters except leaf chlorophyll and ascorbic acid exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Therefore, selection will be more effective for these characters since they are highly heritable and easily fixable due to additive gene effect. D2 cluster analysis grouped the thirty genotypes into 7 clusters. The inter and intra cluster distance between the genotypes under study indicate the existence of higher level of genetic divergence among them. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III (comprising of BRBL-01) and cluster IV and intra cluster distance was observed within cluster IV which suggest that hybridization between the members of these clusters may lead to creation of higher variability and heterosis. Total fruit anthocyanin had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence (27%), followed by fruit borer infestation percentage by weight (21%), fruit borer infestation percentage by number (18%), polyphenol oxidase activity (15%), leaf anthocyanin (8%), yield/plant (6%) and number of fruits/plant (4%). Trichome density showed highly significant negative correlation with shoot infestation also days to first flowering and 50 per cent flowering exhibited significant negative correlation with shoot infestation and fruit infestation by weight. Days to first flowering and fruit length showed significant and positive correlation with fruit yield/plant. So selection for these two characters can be rewarding for yield and quality improvement in brinjal. Fruit weight and trichome density possessed high direct effect and hence direct selection for these characters can be rewarding for yield and pest resistance improvement. Total phenol content of fruit exerted highly significant and negative correlation with fruit borer infestation by weight and fruit borer infestation percentage by number. So selection for these traits can lead to quality improvement, particularly for pest resistance. The genotypes BRBL-01, pusa purple long, pusa purple cluster and BRBL-04 have been found to be high yielders as well as possessing moderate resistance towards fruit and shoot borer besides having good biochemical properties that may be effective in imparting the resistant trait in the genotypes. Therefore, these superior genotypes may be used in future breeding programme for improvement of yield and especially quality.

Keywords

GCV, PCV, DFF, Cluster, Solanum melongena.

Full Text

     

Rohit Kumar ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajsthan), IN

Abstract

The experiment consisting of 2 intercropping patterns, 3 methods of fertilizer application, 2 nitrogen doses in maize along with 2 sole crop treatments in n +2 Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications was conducted at Bhagwant University during the Kharif 2016. The results revealed that planting patterns remained statistically equal with respect to cob yield, grain yield and yield attributes viz., cob length, cob girth and number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per row and number of grains per cob. Furrow application of fertilizers recorded significantly higher cob length, higher number of grains per cob, number of grain per row, cob yield and grain yield than broadcast but remained at par with side placement. Between nitrogen doses, 100 per cent recommended nitrogen recorded significantly higher cob length, number of grains per row, number of grain per cob, cob yield and grain yields than 75 per cent. Significantly more grain yield of intercropped urdbean was obtained in under paired row planting method than normal planting. Grain yield of urdbean did not vary significantly due to N fertilization and different methods of fertilizer application in maize. Maize grain equivalent yield was found significantly higher in paired row system than normal planting. Different methods of fertilizer application and N dose did not produce significant variations in MGEY. Intercropping of maize showed significantly more MGEY than sole cropping. Intercropping of urdbean in between paired row maize gave significantly higher gross and net returns than normal planting. Method of fertilizer application and dose of nitrogen did not cause significant variation in monetary advantage. Maize may be fertilized with 75 per cent recommended dose of nitrogen in association with legumes. Furrow placement of fertilizers is superior to other methods.

Keywords

DAP, DAS, LAI, RBD, MGEY.

Full Text

     

Anchal Chasta ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The results of the present investigation indicate that vermicompost of water hyacinth and coconut leaf showed almost similar pH level (6.81 and 6.92) by Jackson method but it showed higher value in FCO method. Electrical conductivity resulted similar trend for both methods. CEC value for both vermicompost was 74.20 and 72.60cmol kg^-1. Organic carbon content in water hyacinth vermicompost was 23.1 per cent and in coconut leaf vermicompost 22.5 per cent. Maximum water holding capacity was much higher (213.90 and 226.2%). Available form of N, P, K, S, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe found very less content with respect to total content except K and Na content in both types of vermicompost. Water hyacinth vermicompost also contains higher values of dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass carbon content and lower value of urease enzyme activity. Results represented that water hyacinth vermicompost is better in quality than coconut vermicompost with respect to microbial activity. Changes of available nitrogen content over different stages of growth of cauliflower resulted maximum release at 10^th day in T6 (168.16mg kg^-1) which was 49.38 per cent over control followed by T₅ (157.48mg kg^-1), T₄ (151.95mg kg^-1), T₂ (137.40mg kg^-1), T₃ (127.48mg kg^-1) and T₁ (112.57mg kg^-1). But changes of its content in soil through incubation study over the period showed maximum release at different dates under different treatments.

Keywords

Vermicompost, Electrical Conductivity, Cation Exchange Capacity, Micro-Nutrients, PSB.

Full Text

     

Pankaj Prajapat ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Aberrant weather conditions prevailing in the last few years increased the threat of wheat lodging which is a limiting factor for higher productivity and thus, lodging management is very important to sustain and achieve higher wheat yields. Keeping this in view, two studies were conducted to manage lodging in wheat by evaluating agro-chemicals. Experiment I consisted of 12 treatments laid in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications having four NPK doses and three growth regulators, NGR, GR1 and GR2. Results revealed that RDF resulted in more tiller/m², shoot: emergence ratio, increased plant height, increased dry matter but these growth parameters were at par with SSNM-7 and SSNM-8. RDF resulted in minimum lodging angle, area lodged per cent and lodging score, highest grain yield and highest harvest index, maximum gross return, net returns and B: C , maximum nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by grain. Whereas potassium uptake was highest under SSNM-8. Nutrient doses above RDF favoured the wheat lodging. GR2 resulted in higher emergence, higher tiller/m², lower mortality percentage, higher dry matter production, higher leaf area index, higher 1000 grain weight. However, plant height and internode length was minimum in GR1. Grain yield and harvest index was higher in GR1. Interaction effects for lodging observation revealed that RDF with GR1 resulted in lower lodging angle, area per cent lodged and lodging score. RDF with GR2 resulted in higher 1000 grain weight. Grain yield and harvest index was highest in RDF with GR1. In experiment-2 lodging was induced manually at grain filling stage by dragging a rope over plot to evaluate the effect of agro-chemicals on recovery ability of induced lodged wheat. This experiment consisted of five treatments as RDF+WL, RDF+IL, RDF+IL+ ethrel, RDF+IL+KC1 and RDF+IL+nano-silicon. Results revealed that tiller/m², shoot: emergence ratio, plant height was not affected by treatments. Dry matter, leaf area index, peduncle length, internode length, days taken to physiological maturity was highest in RDF+WL. Lodging angle, area per cent lodged and lodging score was minimum in RDF + nano-silicon. 1000 grain weight was maximum in RDF+WL which was at par with RDF+IL+ nanosilicon. Grain yield, biological yield, straw yield and harvest index was highest in RDF+WL. Gross return, net return, benefit: cost ratio was highest in RDF+WL. Ethrel, KC1 and nano- silicon have recovered the wheat from induced lodging, but nano-silicon was more effective in recovering from artificially induced lodging. However, these chemicals did not recover the crop fully and yield was still much lower than RDF + WL. From this study it can be concluded that RDF along with cycocel should be recommended for wheat crop to minimize the crop lodging and thus, produce more grain yield.

Keywords

NPK, SSNM-7, SSNM-8, Nano-Silicon, NGR.

Full Text

     

Manisha Kumari Gour ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments consisting of three levels of vermicompost (control, 2.5 and 5t ha^-1) and five levels of different nutrients (control, S @ 40kg/ha^-1, S @ 40kg/ha^-1 + iron @ 9.5kg/ha^-1, S @ 40kg/ha^-1 + zinc @ 5kg/ha^-1, S @ 40kg/ha^-1 + iron @ 9.5kg/ha^-1 + zinc @ 5kg/ha^-1) were applied to the mustard var. Bio-902 as soil application with uniform application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as per recommended doses. The main findings of investigation are summarized as:- (i) The increasing levels of vermicompost application increased the plant height, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, test weight, seed and stover yield as well as content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and iron in seed and stover, oil content in seed, net returns and B:C ratio as compared to control. The pH and EC of soil decreased whereas, organic carbon and available N, P₂O₅, K₂O, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu content of soil at harvest stage of crop were increased significantly with increasing levels of vermicompost. (ii) the application of different nutrients increased significantly the plant height, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, test weight, seed yield, stover yield, content and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and iron in seed and stover, oil content in seed and net returns and B:C ratio as compared to control. The application of different nutrients significantly enhanced the available N, P₂O₅, K₂O, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu content of soil whereas, the effect on pH, EC and organic carbon were found nonsignificant at harvest stage of crop. (iii) The combined application of vermicompost and different nutrients was more beneficial for increasing seed, stover yield, and zinc and iron uptake by seed and net returns of mustard as compared to their individual application. The higher seed yield, Zn uptake by seed, Fe uptake by seed and net returns (2099.02 kg ha^-1, 894.60, 3563.69 g ha^-1 and 53773 Rs. ha^-1) were obtained under the combined application of vermicompost @ 5 t ha^-1 + different nutrients (S @ 40kg/ha^-1 + iron @ 9.5kg/ha^-1 + zinc @ 5kg/ha^-1), respectively.

Keywords

RDF, NPK, Vermicompost, Stover, Mustard.

Full Text

     

K. Hanumantha Rao ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Genetic diversity among 14 sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) accessions was examined at DNA level by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Twenty primers used to produce a total of 201 RAPD fragments, of which 120 (59.70%) were polymorphic. Each primer generated 4 to 15 amplified fragments with an average of 10.05 bands per primer. Based on pair-wise comparisons of RAPD amplification products, simple match similarity co-efficients were computed to assess the associations among the accessions. Pair-wise similarity indices varied from 0.63 to 0.91. A UPGMA cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities located most of the accessions far apart from one another, showing a high level of polymorphism. Genetically, all the genotypes were classified into four major clusters. A single accession (Kayamkulam) was relatively distinct from rest of the accessions and created independent cluster. In conclusion, even with the use of a limited set of primers, RAPD technique revealed a high level of genetic variation among sesame accessions collected from diverse ecologies of India. This high level of genetic diversity among the genotypes suggested that RAPD technique is valuable for sesame systematic and can be helpful for the upholding of germplasm banks and the competent choice of parents in breeding programmes.

Keywords

RAPD, DNA, Genetic Analysis, Germplasm, Sesame.

Full Text

     

Pawan Kumar Patidar ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The importance of fennel is well realized on account of its high remunerative prices, domestic consumption, medicinal value and means to get earn foreign exchange. Despite the economic importance of fennel, disease resistant, locally acceptable and high yielding crop. The present investigation was therefore, carried out to estimate the magnitude and nature of genetic variability in terms of variation, heritability, genetic advance and genetic diversity for different traits like seed yield per plant and yield contributing traits in a set of 50 germplasm with four checks and extent of environmental influence on these traits, form the basis on which a breeder can predict the extent of dependence on phenotypic selection for improvement of traits. The analysis of variance revealed that significant amount of variability was present in germplasm lines for almost all morphological traits studied as days to germination, 50 per cent flowering, king umbel anthesis, number of number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, plant height (cm), diameter of king umbel (cm), number of umbels per plant, number of umbellates per umbel, number of seeds per umbel, at a test-weight (g) and seed yield (g). A wide range of mean for yield and some of its contributing traits indicates good chance for improvement of yield through direct selection or by transferring desired traits. On the basis of mean performance of yield and other yield contributing morphological traits, the germplasm AF-22, AF-63, AF-85, AF-96, AF-128, AF-48, AF-45, AF-62, AF-47, AF-58, AF-80, AF-154, AF-32, AF-44, AF-108, AF-140, AF-134, AF-22, AF-63, AF-85, AF-96, AF-128, AF-48, AF-45, AF-62, F-47, AF-58, AF-80, AF-154, AF-32, AF-44, AF-108, AF-140, AF-134, AF-22, AF-63, AF-85, AF-96, AF-128, AF-48, AF-45, AF-62, AF-47, AF-58, AF-80, AF-154, AF-32, AF-44, AF-108, AF-140, AF-134, were found to be superior. The variability of characters was compared on the basis of co-efficient of variation. The genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) were worked out. Higher GCV (genotypic co-efficient of variation) was recorded for number of umbels per plant (15.7), seed yield (12.4) and number of secondary branches per plant (12.3), it expresses the true genetic potential which indicated the presence of high amount of genetic variability for these characters thus, selection may be more effective for these characters because the response to selection is directly proportional to the component of variability, while, number of seeds per umbellate (11.9), king umbel diameter (10.8) and umbellate per umbel showed moderate to high genotypic co-efficient of variation. Whereas primary branches (9.6), test weight (8.1) showed low magnitude of genotypic co-efficient of variation. Higher PCV was recorded for number of umbels per plant (16.7), king umbel diameter (14.3) and number of secondary branches per plant (14.0), while, seed yield (g) (12.5), number of seeds per umbellate (12.1) and number of umbellates per umbel (11.1) showed moderate to high phenotypic co-efficient of variation. Whereas number of primary branches (10.6), test weight (g) (8.9) showed low magnitude of phenotypic co-efficient of variation.

Keywords

Variability, Germplasm, Phenotypic, Heritability, Fennel.

Full Text

     

Pawan Kumar ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwantn University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

In the present study of correlation which revealed that average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, equatorial fruit diameter, polar fruit diameter, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content possessed significant positive correlation with total fruit yield and days to 50 per cent flowering and days to first fruit set was having high significant negative correlation with total fruit yield. On the other hand total soluble solids content have high significant positive correlation with lycopene content, total carotenoids content, total phenol content and total antioxidant capacity and total soluble solids exerted high significant negative correlation towards titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content. This study revealed that large size tomato fruits are not just good yielder moreover, they are also nutritionally very rich in quality. Path analysis studies in this research work revealed high direct positive effect of number of fruits per plant, equatorial fruit diameter, polar fruit diameter, days to first flowering, days to first fruit set on total fruit yield and quality both. While high negative direct effect on total yield was expressed by days to 50 per cent flowering, average fruit weight, lycopene content, total carotenoids content. Hence, selection for number of fruits per plant, equatorial fruit diameter and polar fruit diameter can be effectively done for improving yield. While heterosis studies showed that cross Pusa Rohini x CLNB possessed high significant SH towards days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first fruit set. Arka Alok x CLNB posessed high significant BPH and SH heterosis in the desirable direction for total fruit yield, while Pusa Rohini x Sel-12 was having high significant standard heterosis for total soluble solids, lycopene content and total carotenoids content , respectively. On the basis of combining ability studies we were able to identify the best parents and hybrids based on GCA and SCA analysis. So on GCA basis Kashi Vishesh was found to be the best general combiner in relation to fruit yield per plant and total fruit yield whereas Sel-12 was found to be the best general combiner in relation to earliness while Pusa Rohini was found to be the best in relation to important biochemical aspects. While on SCA basis cross Arka Alok x CLNB was found to be the best specific cross combination for fruit yield per plant and total fruit yield. Whereas Pusa Rohini x CLNR was found to be the best specific cross combination in relation to biochemical parameters i.e. for total soluble solids content, lycopene content, total carotenoids content, total antioxidant capacity and ascorbic acid content.

Keywords

GCV, SCA, CLNB, CLNR, DUS, PPV, FRA.

Full Text

     

Tekchand Chhaba ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Plant height and number of primary and secondary branches at different crop growth stages were not affected significantly due to different nutrient levels, however exhibited some improvement over control. Dry matter accumulation by individual plant increased with advancement in cropage till harvest. The highest dry matter accumulation were recorded at 100% NPK+S @ 40 kg/ha treatment. 100% NPK+FYM @ 2.5 t/ha (dry weight) and 100%NPK+ZnSO₄ @ 25 kg/ha ranked second and third, respectively in dry matter accumulation after 100% NPK+S @ 40 kg/ha. Days taken to 50% flowering and 80% maturity remained unaffected by different nutrient application levels. 100% NPK+S @ 40 kg/ha recorded significantly higher number of total branches at harvest than remaining treatments. 100% NPK+Borax @ 0.2% (foliar) and 100% NPK+FYM @ 2.5 t/ha (dry weight) recorded next higher to values 100% NPK+S @ 40 kg/ha. Yield attributes viz. number of siliquae per plant, length of siliqua, 1000-seed weight and seed weight per plant were affected significantly due to different nutrient levels. 150% NPK recorded higher number of siliquae per plant, higher number of seeds per siliqua, length of siliqua, 1000-seed weight and seed weight per plant. 150% NPK recorded significantly higher values of seed, stover and biological yield per hectare than remaining treatments. This treatment was followed by 100% NPK+FYM @ 2.5 t/ha (dry weight). Harvest index did not differ significantly under different nutrient levels. The nutrients (N, P and K) concentration in seed and stover remained unaffected by different nutrient levels.The nutrients (N, P and K) uptake by seed, stover and crop was recorded maximum at 150% NPK. The protein content in seed was found non-significant under different nutrient levels. However, it was recorded maximum at 100% NP treatment. The protein yield was found maximum at 150% NPK. The oil content in seed was found non-significant under different nutrient levels. Oil yield in seed was recorded maximum at 150% NPK. The maximum net returns and gross return were recorded at 150% NPK. Highest return per rupee invested was recorded at 150% NPK which was followed by 50% NPK. However, the lowest return per rupee invested was recorded in control condition.

Keywords

Borax, FYM, NPK, Plant Height, DAS.

Full Text

     

Govind Parashar ¹, Devendra Singh ², Bhanwar Lal Jat ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
3 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

Drip system can control the rate of water application to achieve application efficiency as high as 92-95%. It is also excellent for soil with higher infiltration rates. In conventional way of nutrient management, the P and K are applied as basal. However, the demand for these two macro-nutrients remains high during the entire growing season. Splitting of K was more beneficial than applying full K at time of planting in soybean. Maize is one of the crop that responses well to phosphatic fertilizers in almost all the soil types. Phosphorus plays vital role in plant nutrition. The deficiency of phosphorus in soil severely limits ischolar_main and shoot growth and thereby affecting the yield. The experiment consisting of 3 irrigation regimes (100% CPE, 80% CPE and 60% CPE), 2 fertilizer dose (75% RDF and 100% RDF), 2 PK splitting (equal and 70/30) along with 2 control treatments (flood IW: CPE 0.8 with mulch and flood IW:CPE 1.0) was laid out in Split Plot Design with three replications. From findings of present investigation based on cob weight without husk it can be inferred that spring maize in sandy loam soil should be irrigated at 80% CPE. It should be fertilized at 90:45:30 N, P₂O₅, K₂O kg/ha with PK application as 70% upto tasseling and 30% thereafter.

Keywords

CPE, RDF, PK,LAI, NPK.

Full Text

     

Ravi Shanker Meena ¹, Devendra Singh ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

The objectives were to study the appropriate sorghum fodder variety for this zone, work out the optimum fertility level for test genotypes and to study the economically viable treatment. Soil of experimental field was calcareous in nature, medium in available nitrogen (272.00), phosphorus (21.69) and high in available potassium (284.60). The experiment consisted of 24 treatment combinations comprising four levels of fertility (50, 75, 100 and 125% RDF) and six varieties (SPV-2185, SPV-2191, CSV-21F, HC- 308, CSV-30F and PC-1080) laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The result showed that among the genotypes, SPV-2185 produced maximum plant height, DMA at 25, 50DAS and at harvest, stem girth and number of leaves plant^-1 at harvest, green and dry fodder yield, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre mineral ash content and TDN in fodder. This genotype also estimated significantly gross and net returns over rest of the genotypes. However, maximum HCN content at 25 and 50DAS, organic carbon, available P and K status in soil after harvest with variety SPV-2191. Genotype CSV-21F produced maximum nitrogen status in soil. An application of 125% RDF recorded maximum plant height, stem girth, number of leaves at harvest, dry matter accumulation at various growth stages, green fodder and dry fodder yield, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, mineral ash content, TDN, HCN at 25 and 50 DAS, available organic carbon nitrogen phosphorus and potassium in soil after harvest over lower doses in all the above parameters. Highest nitrogen free extract were obtained under 50% RDF while, the lowest being recorded fewer than 125% RDF. In case of gross return, net return and B:C ratio with application of 125% RDF recorded significantly higher over 50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF.

Keywords

DMA, TDN, HCN, SPV-2191, CSV-21F.

Full Text

     

Mukesh Kumar ¹, Ramesh Choudhary ¹, Bhanwar Lal Jat ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Agriculture, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN
2 Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bhagwant University, Ajmer (Rajasthan), IN

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Bhagwant University, Ajmer during Rabi, 2016-17 on loamy sand soil, which consisted of 4 fertility levels (control, 50, 75 and 100% RDF) and 5 foliar spray (water spray, 2% urea, 3% urea, 2% DAP and 2% KCl spray at tillering and flowering) there by making 20 treatment combinations were tested in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Results indicated that application of 100% RDF significantly increased the plant height at harvest, number of tillers per meter row length at 90DAS and at harvest, dry matter accumulation per meter row length, number of spikes per plant, spike length, seeds per spike, yields (seed, straw and biological), total uptake of nitrogen and potassium and net returns over preceding levels. Whereas, plant height at 60, 90 DAS, total number of tillers per meter row length at 60 DAS and potassium concentration in seed and straw and total uptake of phosphorus increased significantly upto 75% RDF. However, in respect of plant height at 30 DAS, chlorophyll content and harvest index and the treatments 50 to 100% RDF remained almost same. Results further indicated that among foliar spray treatments, application of 2% urea as foliar spray being at par with 2% DAP, 3% urea and 2% KCl spray, significantly increased plant height, total number of tillers per meter row length, dry matter accumulation per meter row length, chlorophyll content in leaves, spike per plant, number of seeds per spike, spike length, yields (seed, straw and biological), protein content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in seed and straw, total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and net returns over water sprayed control. Application of 75% RDF with 2% urea spray proved to be the best treatment combination in terms of number of tillers per meter row length and seed yield.

Keywords

RDF, Biological Control, Spray, Protein, Barley.

Full Text